Fostering entrepreneurship in distressed urban neighbourhoods

During the last decade entrepreneurship research has focused increasingly on spatial aspects of entrepreneurship. Many systematic studies have been conducted on the national or regional scale, although other geographical scales—cities and their single districts and neighbourhoods—have drawn less attention. In this context, the paper aims, firstly, at identifying spatial success factors of entrepreneurial activities and their promotion at the local scale. Secondly, the paper aims at contributing to the development of a conceptual frame at the interface of entrepreneurship research, urban and economic geography, and regional economics. Empirically, the paper draws on results from explorative case studies in two distressed urban areas.     

Longitudinal analysis of entrepreneurship and competitiveness dynamics in Latin America

This study analyzes the relationship between entrepreneurial dynamics in Latin-American countries and the level of competitiveness these countries show. Based on the research conducted by Wennekers et al. [Small Business Economics, 24(3):293–309, 2005] that demonstrates a U-shaped relationship between the country’s rate of entrepreneurship and its level of competitiveness and economic development, we hypothesize that Latin-American countries have a descending behaviour under the U-shaped curve approach. The results from three regression models support this hypothesis and suggest that competitiveness and economic growth deter entrepreneurial dynamics on Latin-American countries. We discuss that Latin-American countries need to improve some structural factors to achieve a high level of entrepreneurial dynamics.

The Neuer Markt as an institution of creation and destruction

The market for publicly traded equity is the heart of a modern capitalist system. In particular, the market for newly listed firms is in turn a bellwether for the public equity market because the entry gives firms expanded access to capital, allowing them to emerge and grow. On the other hand, stock markets also serve as an institution to reallocate productive resources from non-surviving to surviving firms. We describe the Neuer Markt—a special segment of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in Germany—as an institution to foster the creation of new firms and their destruction.

Propensity to firm creation: empirical research using structural equations

The identification of the entrepreneurs’ characteristics and the knowledge of the entrepreneurial profile of university students have been assuming a growing importance in the development of educational programs directed towards the entrepreneurship and start-up processes. This study aims to identify the factors that most contribute for the intention to start up a business. The research also tries to identify the profile of a potential entrepreneur student concerning several characteristics: personal attributes, family, demographic variables and motivations. Research findings include the idea that entrepreneurship education is the most relevant factor in what concerns the propensity to business creation. On the other side, personal characteristics have an important role in shaping motivation to start-up a business and perceived hurdles have a negative impact in the intention to start-up. The results may be relevant when developing an adequate educational program directed to the entrepreneurship education and start-up processes.     

政府支持创新创业发展政策文本量化研究(2003-2017年) ——来自国务院及16部委的数据分析

当前,“大众创业、万众创新”已成为我国实施创新驱动发展战略的关键举措。在指导和促进创新创业发展过程中,中国政府出台了大量公共政策。为厘清我国“双创”政策发展脉络,以中央政府近15年来颁布的创新创业支持政策文本为研究对象,从政策文种类型、权威主体构成及发文数量、主题关联性、政策工具4个维度进行频数统计和定量分析。结果发现,我国创新创业支持政策具有文本形式上的多样性和指导性、制定主体上的强权威性和弱协调性、主题关联上的全面性和合理性、政策工具使用上的多元性和间接性4个基本特征,并针对我国创新创业支持政策特点和不足提出相应政策建议。     

初创战略导向对新创企业存活率的影响机制

新创企业初创阶段的战略导向对其未来存续具有持久影响,但具体影响机理有待论证。采用STROBE六维划分法,连续4年对D&B数据库中的抽样企业进行调研与“健康检查”,基于523家美国新创企业数据, 剖析6种初创战略导向对新创企业存活率的差异化影响机理。结果表明：竞争企图性战略持续消耗组织资源从而增加失败风险;分析性战略提升组织决策质量从而降低失败风险;防御性战略使组织积极运用科学管理方法与技术工具从而增加生存机会;前瞻性战略对新创企业存续没有显著影响;先动性战略推动组织创新从而开拓更佳发展前景;风险承担性战略使组织不断学习、广泛探索、保持领先,最大幅度地提高新创企业存活机率。     

基于ISM的大众创业影响因素层次结构研究

梳理了大众创业影响因素的相关研究文献,运用调查问卷和因子分析方法得出了山西省大众创业影响因子,并通过ISM方法构建了山西省大众创业影响因素的递阶结构模型,得到以下结论：政府政策与政府项目因子在大众创业进程中具有基础性作用;个人因子、市场条件因子与政府因子在大众创业过程中均发挥着重要作用;个人自身基础因子是引起大众创业活动的直接原因。从个人、市场、政府3个主体维度全面分析了影响全民创业的具体因素,以山西省为具体研究对象,揭示了大众创业影响因素间的作用机理并提出了相关建议。     

大学生创业金融支持体系创新的探索性案例研究

在大学生不同的创业阶段构建与金融生态系统相互融合的创业金融支持体系,已成为决定大学生创业成功的关键。针对当前大学生不同创业阶段的融资需求状况,以赛博（杭州）创业工场为研究对象,采用问卷调查法与访谈法,通过分析大学生创业金融支持体系建设现状,从营造大学生创业创新需求的金融环境、创新大学生创业贷款管理模式、简化反担保手续、探索建立大学生创业“贷款险”等方面,提出了优化大学生创业金融支持体系的对策建议。     

初次创业者创业预期形成的案例研究:资源保存理论视角

依据资源保存理论,初次创业者在创业过程中通过自身努力不断扩充各种外部资源和内部资源,形成创业预期。在创业之前,初次创业者利用个体初始资源（人格特质、知识技能、创业渴望）形成创业预期（即创业动机）;在投入创业之后,初次创业者积极整合团队资源,获取家庭、学校、社会的支持资源,与创业动机共同构成创业资源大棚,大棚资源的丰富与否影响新一轮的创业预期。基于对11位大学生初次创业者的半结构化访谈,对访谈记录进行了内容分析,验证了创业预期形成模型。最后,针对初次创业者如何通过丰富创业资源大棚促进创业预期的形成,提出了建议。     

基于大学生创业的高校创业服务价值模型构建及实证检验

剖析了高校对于大学生创业服务的价值内涵,从时间、技术、经济和信息4个维度构建了高校服务于大学生创业者的创业服务价值模型。通过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,验证了模型具有较高信度和拟合度。明确了高校针对大学生创业的关键服务价值要素在于提升其创业技能、创业机会把握能力、创业失败承受能力和创业行为延续性。